|
Ralph de Luffa (or Ralph Luffa, and the first name is sometimes spelled Ralf; died 1123) was an English bishop of Chichester, from 1091 to 1123. He built extensively on his cathedral as well as being praised by contemporary writers as an exemplary bishop. He took little part in the Investiture Crisis which took place in England during his episcopate. Although at one point he refused to allow his diocese to be taxed by King Henry I of England, Luffa remained on good terms with the two kings of England he served. ==Bishop== Luffa was consecrated on 6 January 1091〔Fryde, et al. ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 238〕 by Thomas, the Archbishop of York.〔Greenway ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 5: Chichester: Bishops )''〕 He was consecrated at York as the See of Canterbury was vacant at the time.〔Stephens ''Memorials'' p. 47〕 Luffa had previously been a chaplain for King William II of England, nicknamed "Rufus", and was also the king's friend.〔Barlow ''English Church'' p. 68〕 This information comes from the medieval writer Orderic Vitalis, but there is no other confirmation that he was a royal servant.〔Brett ''English Church'' p. 111 footnote 1〕 He also served Rufus as a judge, and the historian Norman Cantor calls him a justiciar for Rufus,〔Cantor ''Church, Kingship and Lay Investiture'' p. 33 footnote 102〕 but the historian Francis West, who studied the justiciar's office, notes that his one of appearance as a royal judge concerns his diocese, and that Luffa probably was mentioned only because he was expected to enforce the decision.〔West ''Justiciarship'' pp. 11–12〕 During the crisis between the king and Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury in 1095 and 1096, Luffa managed to support Anselm while retaining the king's respect.〔〔Cantor ''Church, Kingship and Lay Investiture'' p. 81〕 Under King Henry I, William's younger brother and successor, Luffa took little part in the Investiture Crisis in England. In 1106, Luffa did sign a letter to Anselm written by William Giffard Bishop of Winchester-elect that begged the archbishop to return to England from his exile.〔Cantor ''Church, Kingship and Lay Investiture'' p. 256〕 Luffa gained King Henry's respect because Luffa was the lone bishop to resist Henry's financial extortion from the clergy.〔 As part of this dispute, Luffa ordered that all church services be discontinued and the church doors in his diocese be blocked with thorns.〔Bartlett ''England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings'' p. 448〕 It was during Luffa's tenure of the see that the first disputes between the bishop and Battle Abbey started, although they were not large. During Luffa's episcopate, he and the abbey disputed over the right of the bishop to be entertained by the abbey and the requirement that the abbot attend the diocesan councils.〔 The dispute only reached its climax during the episcopate of Hilary of Chichester, who was Bishop of Chichester from 1147 to 1169.〔Knowles ''Monastic Order'' p. 589〕 Luffa also supported Anselm's attempts to assert Canterbury's primacy over the Archbishop of York in 1108 and 1109.〔Mayr-Harting "Ralph (Ralph Luffa)" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 William of Malmesbury had high praise for Luffa's actions as bishop, where he is said to have toured his diocese three times a year on preaching tours. He also allowed only freely given gifts from his flock, avoiding all appearance of extorting donations.〔 He was also praised by contemporaries for his diligence is seeking worthy candidates for the priesthood.〔Brett ''English Church'' pp. 119–120〕 William of Malmesbury also praised Luffa's piety.〔Barlow ''William Rufus'' p. 180〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ralph de Luffa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|